Ideas from 'The Meaning of 'Meaning'' by Hilary Putnam [1975], by Theme Structure
[found in 'Mind Language and Reality: Papers vol 2' by Putnam,Hilary [CUP 1975,0-521-10668-5]].
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9. Objects / D. Essence of Objects / 15. Against Essentialism
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18890
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Putnam smuggles essentialism about liquids into his proof that water must be H2O [Salmon,N]
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15. Nature of Minds / B. Features of Minds / 5. Qualia / b. Qualia and intentionality
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The Twin Earth theory suggests that intentionality is independent of qualia [Jacquette]
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18. Thought / C. Content / 5. Twin Earth
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If Twins talking about 'water' and 'XYZ' have different thoughts but identical heads, then thoughts aren't in the head [Crane]
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12026
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We say ice and steam are different forms of water, but not that they are different forms of H2O [Forbes,G]
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3208
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Does 'water' mean a particular substance that was 'dubbed'? [Rey]
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19. Language / B. Reference / 4. Descriptive Reference / a. Sense and reference
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3893
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Often reference determines sense, and not (as Frege thought) vice versa [Scruton]
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26. Natural Theory / B. Natural Kinds / 4. Source of Kinds
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11191
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The hidden structure of a natural kind determines membership in all possible worlds
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26. Natural Theory / D. Laws of Nature / 8. Scientific Essentialism / a. Scientific essentialism
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11192
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If causes are the essence of diseases, then disease is an example of a relational essence [Williams,NE]
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11190
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Archimedes meant by 'gold' the hidden structure or essence of the stuff
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